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<channel><title>Latest Blog Entries by uhohzombies at VideoSift.com</title>
<link>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies</link>
<description>VideoSift: Online Video *Quality Control</description>
<language>en</language>
<copyright>2008 videosift.com</copyright>
<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 2008 17:13:47 -0700</pubDate>
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<ttl>15</ttl>
<image><url>http://static1.videosift.com/videosift/i/sifter_small.gif</url><title>Latest Blog Entries by uhohzombies at VideoSift.com</title><link>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies</link></image>
<item><title>World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King Closed Beta Key</title>
<link>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/World-of-Warcraft-Wrath-of-the-Lich-King-Closed-Beta-Key</link>
<description>&lt;img src=&quot;http://static1.videosift.com/avatars/u/uhohzombies.jpg?1216359343&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(6 comments - 168 views)&lt;br /&gt;I don't have it anymore. I posted on craigslist and it must've made it to the WoW forums because I got inundated by like 25 replies overnight.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt; - uhohzombies&lt;/b&gt;</description>
<author>uhohzombies (http://uhohzombies.videosift.com)</author>
<comments>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/World-of-Warcraft-Wrath-of-the-Lich-King-Closed-Beta-Key</comments>
<guid>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/World-of-Warcraft-Wrath-of-the-Lich-King-Closed-Beta-Key</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 2008 17:13:47 -0700</pubDate>
</item><item><title>DIABLO III: F*CK YEAH!</title>
<link>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/DIABLO-III-FCK-YEAH</link>
<description>&lt;img src=&quot;http://static1.videosift.com/avatars/u/uhohzombies.jpg?1216359343&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(5 comments - 123 views)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blizzard.com/us/splash.html&quot;&gt;http://www.blizzard.com/us/splash.html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
*happydance* 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt; - uhohzombies&lt;/b&gt;</description>
<author>uhohzombies (http://uhohzombies.videosift.com)</author>
<comments>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/DIABLO-III-FCK-YEAH</comments>
<guid>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/DIABLO-III-FCK-YEAH</guid>
<pubDate>Sat, 28 Jun 2008 03:38:08 -0700</pubDate>
</item><item><title>Thank you.</title>
<link>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Thank-you-1</link>
<description>&lt;img src=&quot;http://static1.videosift.com/avatars/u/uhohzombies.jpg?1216359343&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(8 comments - 136 views)&lt;br /&gt;To all who wished me well. Sorry I haven't been around much! Feeling much better now. We now return you to your regularly scheduled sifting!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt; - uhohzombies&lt;/b&gt;</description>
<author>uhohzombies (http://uhohzombies.videosift.com)</author>
<comments>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Thank-you-1</comments>
<guid>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Thank-you-1</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:26:18 -0700</pubDate>
</item><item><title>Xbox Live</title>
<link>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Xbox-Live</link>
<description>&lt;img src=&quot;http://static1.videosift.com/avatars/u/uhohzombies.jpg?1216359343&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(4 comments - 157 views)&lt;br /&gt;So, I got myself an Xbox 360 last week and I need people to game with online! If you have a 360 and XBL, message me your gamertag so I can add you to my friends list. My gamertag is pretty obvious: UhOhZombies. Right now, the only online multiplayer games I have Grand Theft Auto IV, Guitar Hero III, and Halo 3.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt; - uhohzombies&lt;/b&gt;</description>
<author>uhohzombies (http://uhohzombies.videosift.com)</author>
<comments>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Xbox-Live</comments>
<guid>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Xbox-Live</guid>
<pubDate>Sat, 07 Jun 2008 16:02:11 -0700</pubDate>
</item><item><title>This guy knows what's up...</title>
<link>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/This-guy-knows-whats-up</link>
<description>&lt;img src=&quot;http://static1.videosift.com/avatars/u/uhohzombies.jpg?1216359343&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(4 comments - 162 views)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v283/cshouston/n_politics_clinton_speech_080603300.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Makes me wonder what he was thinking at that moment.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
This would make for a good caption contest! &lt;img src=&quot;http://static1.videosift.com/videosift/i/emoticon/tongue.gif&quot; /&gt; 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt; - uhohzombies&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;map name=&quot;google_ad_map_20080725181714&quot;&gt;
&lt;area shape=&quot;rect&quot; href=&quot;http://imageads.googleadservices.com/pagead/imgclick/20080725181714?pos=0&quot; coords=&quot;1,2,367,28&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;img usemap=&quot;#google_ad_map_20080725181714&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://imageads.googleadservices.com/pagead/ads?format=468x30_aff_img&amp;client=ca-pub-2778535148117178&amp;channel=1821671304&amp;output=png&amp;cuid=20080725181714&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.videosift.com%2Frss2%2Fuhohzombies%2Fblog.xml&quot;/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
<author>uhohzombies (http://uhohzombies.videosift.com)</author>
<comments>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/This-guy-knows-whats-up</comments>
<guid>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/This-guy-knows-whats-up</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 03 Jun 2008 21:19:41 -0700</pubDate>
</item><item><title>LA Times: Obama and Clinton Beat McCain Because Of The Economy</title>
<link>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/LA-Times-Obama-iandi-Clinton-Beat-McCain-Because-Of-The-Economy</link>
<description>&lt;img src=&quot;http://static1.videosift.com/avatars/u/uhohzombies.jpg?1216359343&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(0 comments - 147 views)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;intro&quot;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
via dailyKos 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
In a turnaround, where McCain was slightly edging
the Dem cadidates previously, either Dem candidate would beat McCain
today in the new LA Times/Bloomberg poll.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
May 1-8, 2008 +/-3%
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;May (Feb)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Clinton &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 47 &amp;nbsp;(40)
&lt;br /&gt;
McCain &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;38 &amp;nbsp;(46)
&lt;br /&gt;
Don't know &amp;nbsp;11 &amp;nbsp; (9)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Obama &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 46 &amp;nbsp;(42)
&lt;br /&gt;
McCain &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;40 &amp;nbsp;(44)
&lt;br /&gt;
Don't know &amp;nbsp; 9 &amp;nbsp; (9)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.latimes.com/news/la-na-poll10-2008may10,0,4954004.story?track=rss&quot;&gt;LA Times&lt;/a&gt;:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;
	&amp;quot;Although there is such infighting now between the two Democratic
	candidates, we are finding that both Democrats are beating McCain, and
	this could be attributed to the weakening of the economy,&amp;quot; said Times
	Polling Director Susan Pinkus, who supervised the survey.
	&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;
	For example, among the 78% of voters who said they believe the
	economy has slid into a recession, 52% would vote for Obama, compared
	with 32% for McCain. A Clinton-McCain matchup showed nearly identical
	results.
	&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;
	The poll was based on telephone interviews with 2,208 adults
	nationwide -- 1,986 of them registered voters -- several days before
	and after Tuesday's primaries in Indiana and North Carolina, which
	Clinton and Obama split
	&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
We knew going in that McCain would be the most competitive of the GOP candidates, but that's not the same thing as &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://images.dailykos.com/images/user/426/LATimespoll.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://images.dailykos.com/images/user/426/LATimespoll.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; hspace=&quot;6&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;winning
the election. Fundamentals still matter, and the fundamentals will not
be in the Republicans' favor this fall. Take a look at the graph.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;
	McCain remains competitive because of his showing among older voters
	and independents -- constituencies both parties are vying to win.
	McCain leads Clinton among independents and is essentially tied with
	Obama.
	&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Older voters and generational change will be a theme of the
election, like it or not. So will independents, because no one wants to
be a Republican. But as Chuck Todd astutely observed on primary day, NC
looks more like the future than Pennsylvania. And when the question
turns to policy, direction of the country, the economy, health care and
Iraq, the senior senator from Arizona (R) is going to have his hands
full convincing the country that his policies are not just more Bush,
and that he can chart a path to the future that makes sense.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
After all, &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0208/Obama_engages_McCain_Economics_is_not_his_strong_suit.html&quot;&gt;the economy is not his strong suit&lt;/a&gt;, and he's a man of &amp;quot;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2008/5/7/21502/66231/114/511431&quot;&gt;the twentieth century, my century&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;.
McCain will win among voters who want to chart a path to the 20th
Century... but if that's the case he makes, he'll lose the election.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt; - uhohzombies&lt;/b&gt;</description>
<author>uhohzombies (http://uhohzombies.videosift.com)</author>
<comments>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/LA-Times-Obama-iandi-Clinton-Beat-McCain-Because-Of-The-Economy</comments>
<guid>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/LA-Times-Obama-iandi-Clinton-Beat-McCain-Because-Of-The-Economy</guid>
<pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2008 10:37:09 -0700</pubDate>
</item><item><title>*sigh*</title>
<link>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/sigh</link>
<description>&lt;img src=&quot;http://static1.videosift.com/avatars/u/uhohzombies.jpg?1216359343&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(0 comments - 207 views)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.caglecartoons.com/images/preview/%7B72A58F7F-E09F-4D92-8E8E-789A1D5632A3%7D.gif&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;504&quot; height=&quot;385&quot; /&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt; - uhohzombies&lt;/b&gt;</description>
<author>uhohzombies (http://uhohzombies.videosift.com)</author>
<comments>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/sigh</comments>
<guid>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/sigh</guid>
<pubDate>Sun, 27 Apr 2008 06:52:56 -0700</pubDate>
</item><item><title>Hillary Deathwatch Widget</title>
<link>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Hillary-Deathwatch-Widget</link>
<description>&lt;img src=&quot;http://static1.videosift.com/avatars/u/uhohzombies.jpg?1216359343&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3 comments - 220 views)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;left: 0px ! important; top: 0px ! important&quot; href=&quot;http://widgets.clearspring.com/o/47f652f7ca9825c5/4806e827057255c9/4806e6ff332def8b/ccf0c481&quot; title=&quot;Click here to block this object with Adblock Plus&quot; class=&quot;abp-objtab-06075931655224199 visible&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;object type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; data=&quot;http://widgets.clearspring.com/o/47f652f7ca9825c5/4806e827057255c9/4806e6ff332def8b/ccf0c481&quot; id=&quot;W47f652f7ca9825c54806e827057255c9&quot; height=&quot;274&quot; width=&quot;304&quot;&gt;
	&lt;param value=&quot;http://widgets.clearspring.com/o/47f652f7ca9825c5/4806e827057255c9/4806e6ff332def8b/ccf0c481&quot; name=&quot;movie&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/object&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Couldn't get it to work in my profile, so I'll slap it here. &lt;img src=&quot;http://static1.videosift.com/videosift/i/emoticon/tongue.gif&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt; - uhohzombies&lt;/b&gt;</description>
<author>uhohzombies (http://uhohzombies.videosift.com)</author>
<comments>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Hillary-Deathwatch-Widget</comments>
<guid>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Hillary-Deathwatch-Widget</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Apr 2008 23:08:55 -0700</pubDate>
</item><item><title>Neocon Imperialism, 9/11, and the Attacks on Afghanistan and Iraq - Part 2</title>
<link>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Neocon-Imperialism-911-and-the-Attacks-on-Afghanistan-and-Iraq-Part-2</link>
<description>&lt;img src=&quot;http://static1.videosift.com/avatars/u/uhohzombies.jpg?1216359343&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(0 comments - 248 views)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Courier&quot; size=&quot;4&quot;&gt;5. The Attack &lt;br /&gt; on Iraq&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Several neocons, &lt;br /&gt; including some who became central members of the Bush-Cheney &lt;br /&gt; administration, had been wanting to bring about regime change in &lt;br /&gt; Iraq ever since Saddam Hussein&amp;rsquo;s occupation of Kuwait in 1990. &lt;br /&gt; Leading voices for this policy included Cheney and Wolfowitz, &lt;br /&gt; who were then secretary and under-secretary of defense, &lt;br /&gt; respectively, and also Richard Perle, who chaired a committee &lt;br /&gt; set up by neocons called Committee for Peace and Security in the &lt;br /&gt; Gulf. But this idea was opposed by President Bush along with &lt;br /&gt; General Colin Powell, then chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, &lt;br /&gt; and General Norman Schwarzkopf, the field commander, so it was &lt;br /&gt; not carried out.&lt;sup&gt;121&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;script&gt;document.write('&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#&quot; id=&quot;collapselink-92962-0&quot;&gt;expand&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;');&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div id=&quot;collapsediv-92962-0&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; In 1992, &lt;br /&gt; Albert Wohlstetter, who had inspired Perle and Wolfowitz and &lt;br /&gt; other neocons, expressed exasperation that nothing had been done &lt;br /&gt; about &amp;ldquo;a dictatorship sitting on the world&amp;rsquo;s second largest pool &lt;br /&gt; of low-cost oil and ambitious to dominate the Gulf.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;122&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;br /&gt; (Wohlstetter&amp;rsquo;s statement reflected his conviction, expressed &lt;br /&gt; back in 1981, that America needs to establish forces, bases, and &lt;br /&gt; infrastructure so as to enjoy unquestioned primacy in the &lt;br /&gt; region.&lt;sup&gt;123&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; In 1996, the &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Clean Break&amp;rdquo; paper, written for Israel by Perle and other &lt;br /&gt; neocons, proposed that Israel remove from power all of its &lt;br /&gt; enemies in the region, beginning with Saddam Hussein. This 1996 &lt;br /&gt; document, in the opinion of Arnaud de Borchgrave, president of &lt;br /&gt; United Press International, &amp;ldquo;provided the strategic &lt;br /&gt; underpinnings for Operation Iraqi Freedom seven years later.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;124&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; In 1997, &lt;br /&gt; Wolfowitz and Khalilzad published a statement arguing that &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Saddam Must Go.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;125&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; In 1998, &lt;br /&gt; Kristol and Kagan, in a &lt;em&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt; op-ed entitled &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Bombing Iraq Isn&amp;rsquo;t Enough,&amp;rdquo; called for &amp;ldquo;finishing the job left &lt;br /&gt; undone in 1991.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;126&lt;/sup&gt; Wolfowitz told the House National &lt;br /&gt; Security Committee that it had been a mistake in 1991 to leave &lt;br /&gt; Saddam in power. Also, writing in the &lt;em&gt;New Republic&lt;/em&gt;, he &lt;br /&gt; said: &amp;ldquo;Toppling Saddam is the only outcome that can satisfy the &lt;br /&gt; vital U.S. interest in a stable and secure Gulf region.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;127&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;br /&gt; And the afore-mentioned letter to President Clinton from &lt;br /&gt; PNAC---signed by Cheney, Kristol, Perle, and Wolfowitz, among &lt;br /&gt; others---urged him to &amp;ldquo;take the necessary steps, including &lt;br /&gt; military steps,&amp;rdquo; to &amp;ldquo;remov[e] Saddam&amp;rsquo;s regime from power.&amp;rdquo; Then, &lt;br /&gt; getting no agreement from Clinton, PNAC wrote a similar letter &lt;br /&gt; to Newt Gingrich and Trent Lott, then the leaders of the House &lt;br /&gt; and the Senate, respectively.&lt;sup&gt;128&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; In 2000, &lt;br /&gt; PNAC&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;Rebuilding America&amp;rsquo;s Defenses&lt;/em&gt;, pointing out that &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;the United States has for decades sought to play a more &lt;br /&gt; permanent role in Gulf regional security,&amp;rdquo; added: &amp;ldquo;While the &lt;br /&gt; unresolved conflict with Iraq provides the immediate &lt;br /&gt; justification, the need for a substantial American force &lt;br /&gt; presence in the Gulf transcends the issue of the regime of &lt;br /&gt; Saddam Hussein.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;129&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Given the fact &lt;br /&gt; that Cheney, Libby, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, and other neocons were &lt;br /&gt; given central positions in the new Bush administration, it is &lt;br /&gt; not surprising to learn, from two former members of this &lt;br /&gt; administration, that it came into office intent on attacking &lt;br /&gt; Iraq. Paul O&amp;rsquo;Neill, who was secretary of the treasury and hence &lt;br /&gt; a member of the National Security Council, has said that within &lt;br /&gt; days of the inauguration, the main topic was going after Saddam, &lt;br /&gt; with the question being not &amp;ldquo;Why Saddam?&amp;rdquo; or &amp;ldquo;Why Now?&amp;rdquo; but &lt;br /&gt; merely &amp;ldquo;finding a way to do it.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;130&lt;/sup&gt; Richard Clarke, &lt;br /&gt; who had been the National Coordinator for Security and &lt;br /&gt; Counterterrorism, confirmed O&amp;rsquo;Neill&amp;rsquo;s charge, saying: &amp;ldquo;The &lt;br /&gt; administration of the second George Bush did begin with Iraq on &lt;br /&gt; its agenda.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;131&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Until the &lt;br /&gt; attacks of 9/11, however, no one had found &amp;ldquo;a way to do it.&amp;rdquo; As &lt;br /&gt; neocon Kenneth Adelman has said: &amp;ldquo;At the beginning of the &lt;br /&gt; administration people were talking about Iraq but it wasn&amp;rsquo;t &lt;br /&gt; doable. . . . That changed with September 11.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;132&lt;/sup&gt; Bob &lt;br /&gt; Woodward makes the same observation in &lt;em&gt;Bush at War&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; saying: &amp;ldquo;The terrorist attacks of September 11 gave the U.S. a &lt;br /&gt; new window to go after Hussein.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;133&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; However, even &lt;br /&gt; 9/11, by itself, was not a sufficient basis for getting the &lt;br /&gt; American people&amp;rsquo;s support for an attack on Iraq. Not for lack of &lt;br /&gt; effort by Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz. On the afternoon of 9/11 &lt;br /&gt; itself, Rumsfeld said in a note to General Richard Myers&amp;mdash;-the &lt;br /&gt; acting head of the Joint Chiefs of Staff--that he wanted the &lt;br /&gt; &amp;quot;best info fast. Judge whether good enough hit S.H. [Saddam &lt;br /&gt; Hussein] at same time. Not only UBL [Usama bin Laden].&amp;quot;&lt;sup&gt;134&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In the following days, both Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz argued that &lt;br /&gt; Saddam's Iraq should be, in Woodward&amp;rsquo;s paraphrase, &amp;ldquo;a principal &lt;br /&gt; target of the first round in the war on terrorism.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;135&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Colin Powell, however, argued that both the American people and &lt;br /&gt; other countries would at that time support an attack on &lt;br /&gt; Afghanistan, to do something about al-Qaeda, but not an attack &lt;br /&gt; on Iraq, since there was no evidence that it had anything to do &lt;br /&gt; with 9/11. He added, however, that after a successful campaign &lt;br /&gt; in Afghanistan, a war on Iraq would become more feasible. Bush &lt;br /&gt; accepted this argument.&lt;sup&gt;136&lt;/sup&gt; In doing so, he was not &lt;br /&gt; rejecting the proposal to use 9/11 to justify an attack on Iraq, &lt;br /&gt; merely postponing its implementation: A plan for going to war in &lt;br /&gt; Afghanistan that Bush signed on September 17 also directed the &lt;br /&gt; Pentagon to begin planning military options for an invasion of &lt;br /&gt; Iraq.&lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Stephen &lt;br /&gt; Sniegoski, explaining why the attack on Iraq could not be &lt;br /&gt; launched immediately, says: &amp;ldquo;[A]lthough the 9/11 atrocities &lt;br /&gt; psychologically prepared the American people for the war on &lt;br /&gt; Iraq, those horrific events were not sufficient by themselves to &lt;br /&gt; thrust America immediately into an attack on Iraq.&amp;rdquo; A &amp;ldquo;lengthy &lt;br /&gt; propaganda offensive&amp;rdquo; would also be needed.&lt;sup&gt;138&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; This &lt;br /&gt; propaganda offensive involved convincing a majority of the &lt;br /&gt; American people of the truth of two false claims: that Saddam &lt;br /&gt; Hussein had been behind 9/11 and that he possessed, or soon &lt;br /&gt; would possess, weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear &lt;br /&gt; weapons, with which he could attack America. This part of the &lt;br /&gt; story is too well known to need much rehearsal. The point to &lt;br /&gt; emphasize here is that although this later propaganda was &lt;br /&gt; necessary, its success depended on 9/11. Halper and Clarke say &lt;br /&gt; that &amp;ldquo;it was 9/11 that provided the political context in which &lt;br /&gt; the thinking of neo-conservatives could be turned into &lt;br /&gt; operational policy.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;139&lt;/sup&gt; Sniegoski, spelling out the &lt;br /&gt; point more fully, says: &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin-left: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The 9/11 attacks made the American people angry and fearful. &lt;br /&gt; Ordinary Americans wanted to strike back at the terrorist enemy, &lt;br /&gt; even though they weren&amp;rsquo;t exactly sure who that enemy was. . . . &lt;br /&gt; Moreover, they were fearful of more attacks and were susceptible &lt;br /&gt; to the administration&amp;rsquo;s propaganda that the United States had to &lt;br /&gt; strike Iraq before Iraq somehow struck the United States. . . . &lt;br /&gt; It wasn&amp;rsquo;t that difficult to channel American fear and anger into &lt;br /&gt; war against Iraq.&lt;sup&gt;140&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Much of this &lt;br /&gt; channeling was done by the Bush-Cheney administration, &lt;br /&gt; especially Bush and Cheney themselves. In August of 2002, for &lt;br /&gt; example, Cheney declared that &amp;ldquo;there is no doubt that Saddam &lt;br /&gt; Hussein now has weapons of mass destruction . . . [and] is &lt;br /&gt; amassing them to use . . . against us.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;141&lt;/sup&gt; In &lt;br /&gt; October, Bush said that, having &amp;ldquo;experienced the horror of &lt;br /&gt; September the 11th, . . . America must not ignore the threat &lt;br /&gt; gathering against us. Facing clear evidence of peril, we cannot &lt;br /&gt; wait for the final proof--the smoking gun--that could come in &lt;br /&gt; the form of a mushroom cloud.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;142&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The administration was greatly aided in this propaganda &lt;br /&gt; offensive by neoconservatives outside the government, who &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;linked their preexisting agenda (an attack on Iraq) to a &lt;br /&gt; separate event (9/11).&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;143&lt;/sup&gt; Through their incessant &lt;br /&gt; propaganda---most widely spread in Lawrence Kaplan and William &lt;br /&gt; Kristol&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;The War over Iraq: Saddam&amp;rsquo;s Tyranny and America&amp;rsquo;s &lt;br /&gt; Mission&lt;/em&gt;---&amp;ldquo;Al-Qaeda and Saddam Hussein were morphed into the &lt;br /&gt; same enemy&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;the war on terror and war in Iraq were joined &lt;br /&gt; at the hip.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;144&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; This propaganda campaign was enormously successful. Shortly &lt;br /&gt; before the war on Iraq was launched, the two key ideas in the &lt;br /&gt; campaign---that Saddam Hussein had played a direct role in the &lt;br /&gt; attacks of 9/11 and that he was a threat because he had weapons &lt;br /&gt; of mass destruction---were accepted by 70 percent of the &lt;br /&gt; American people.&lt;sup&gt;145&lt;/sup&gt; As a result, point out Halper and &lt;br /&gt; Clarke, the Bush-Cheney administration was &amp;ldquo;able to build the &lt;br /&gt; environment surrounding the terrorist attacks of September 2001 &lt;br /&gt; into a wide moral platform from which to launch a preemptive &lt;br /&gt; strike.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;146&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; That this propaganda campaign would be successful would have &lt;br /&gt; been predictable. As Hermann G&amp;ouml;ring, one of the top Nazi &lt;br /&gt; officials, said: &amp;ldquo;[I]t is the &lt;em&gt;leaders&lt;/em&gt; of the country who &lt;br /&gt; determine the policy and it is always a simple matter to drag &lt;br /&gt; the people along. . . . All you have to do is tell them they are &lt;br /&gt; being attacked.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;147&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Accordingly, the fact that there were no Iraqis among the &lt;br /&gt; alleged hijackers does not mean that the desire for a pretext to &lt;br /&gt; attack Iraq could not have been one of the imperial motives &lt;br /&gt; behind the attacks of 9/11. The crucial precondition for the war &lt;br /&gt; in Iraq was a psychological state of mind in the American &lt;br /&gt; public---one of fear and anxiety combined with a desire for &lt;br /&gt; revenge---that would countenance the new doctrine of &lt;br /&gt; preemptive-preventive war. This state of mind was abundantly &lt;br /&gt; created by 9/11. Then, just as the ensuing propaganda offensive &lt;br /&gt; against Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda, and the Taliban created &lt;br /&gt; almost unanimous acceptance of the war in Afghanistan, the &lt;br /&gt; propaganda offensive directed at Saddam Hussein was rather &lt;br /&gt; easily able to channel this fear, anxiety, and desire for &lt;br /&gt; revenge into a widespread feeling that a war to bring about &lt;br /&gt; regime change in Iraq was justified. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;h2 style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;Conclusion&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The attacks of &lt;br /&gt; 9/11 allowed the imperialist agenda of leading neoconservatives &lt;br /&gt; to be implemented. Can we infer from this effect that the hope &lt;br /&gt; to have this agenda fulfilled was one of the motives for the &lt;br /&gt; 9/11 attacks? Of course not. One of the basic principles of &lt;br /&gt; criminal investigations, however, is the question: Who benefits? &lt;br /&gt; Those who most benefit from the crime are usually the most &lt;br /&gt; likely suspects. But an answer to that question cannot by itself &lt;br /&gt; be used as proof of the suspects&amp;rsquo; guilt. The prosecution must &lt;br /&gt; also show that the suspects had the means and the opportunity to &lt;br /&gt; commit the crime. It must also present evidence that the &lt;br /&gt; suspects actually committed the crime---at least &lt;em&gt;indirect&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; evidence, perhaps by showing that they were the only ones who &lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; could&lt;/em&gt; have done it. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; I have &lt;br /&gt; elsewhere presented evidence---what I first called &lt;em&gt;prima &lt;br /&gt; facie&lt;/em&gt; evidence but now call &lt;em&gt;overwhelming&lt;/em&gt; evidence&lt;sup&gt;148&lt;/sup&gt;---that &lt;br /&gt; 9/11 was an inside job, orchestrated by leading members of the &lt;br /&gt; Bush-Cheney administration. This evidence includes many reasons &lt;br /&gt; to conclude that the official accounts of the World Trade Center &lt;br /&gt; collapses, the attack on the Pentagon, the crash of United &lt;br /&gt; Airlines Flight 93, and the failure of the U.S. military to &lt;br /&gt; intercept the other flights cannot be true. This evidence also &lt;br /&gt; includes many reasons to conclude that &lt;em&gt;The 9/11 Commission &lt;br /&gt; Report&lt;/em&gt; involved a systematic cover-up of dozens of facts &lt;br /&gt; that conflict with the official conspiracy theory about 9/11, &lt;br /&gt; according to which the attacks were conceived and carried out &lt;br /&gt; entirely by al-Qaeda---evidence that instead points to official &lt;br /&gt; complicity. One example of this evidence is the fact that the &lt;br /&gt; Commission changed by about 45 minutes the time at which Vice &lt;br /&gt; President Cheney went down to the Presidential Emergency &lt;br /&gt; Operations Center under the White House, thereby indicating that &lt;br /&gt; he could not have been responsible, as evidence suggests, for &lt;br /&gt; allowing the strike on the Pentagon and ordering the downing of &lt;br /&gt; UA 93.&lt;sup&gt;149&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Many people, &lt;br /&gt; to be sure, feel that there is no need to examine the evidence &lt;br /&gt; that the attacks were arranged by members of the Bush &lt;br /&gt; administration because they feel certain, on &lt;em&gt;a priori&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; grounds, that it simply would not have done such a thing. Having &lt;br /&gt; addressed most of those grounds elsewhere,&lt;sup&gt;150&lt;/sup&gt; I have &lt;br /&gt; here dealt with only one of them, which is often phrased as a &lt;br /&gt; rhetorical question: What motive could they possibly have had &lt;br /&gt; for arranging attacks on their own citizens? &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Having suggested that the motive was to have a pretext to turn &lt;br /&gt; the neocon agenda into national policy, I should add that it is &lt;br /&gt; probably only the neocons in office, and even only some of them, &lt;br /&gt; who should be suspected of involvement in the planning for 9/11. &lt;br /&gt; To say that 9/11 allowed the agenda of the neocons in general to &lt;br /&gt; be implemented does not imply that many or even any neocons &lt;br /&gt; outside the government were involved in the planning for, or &lt;br /&gt; even had advance knowledge of, the attacks of 9/11. About eight &lt;br /&gt; months after 9/11, for example, William Kristol and Robert Kagan &lt;br /&gt; wrote pieces urging the Bush-Cheney administration to undertake &lt;br /&gt; an investigation to see if the attacks might have been &lt;br /&gt; prevented. Gary Dorrien, reporting that this call &amp;ldquo;earned a &lt;br /&gt; sharp rebuke from Cheney,&amp;rdquo; adds that &amp;ldquo;the Bush administration &lt;br /&gt; had no intention of allowing an investigation on that subject.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;151&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; No genuine &lt;br /&gt; investigation has been carried out to this day. If Congress &lt;br /&gt; would authorize such an investigation, the American people, I am &lt;br /&gt; convinced, would see that the grounds for impeaching Bush and &lt;br /&gt; Cheney are even stronger than those that have been part of the &lt;br /&gt; public discussion thus far. They would also see that the reasons &lt;br /&gt; for opposing the war in Iraq are even stronger than those &lt;br /&gt; publicly discussed thus far, because it was from the start an &lt;br /&gt; imperialistic war based on a false-flag operation (as well as &lt;br /&gt; additional lies). They would even see that, although many &lt;br /&gt; critics of the administration have said that we should pull our &lt;br /&gt; troops out of Iraq and put them in Afghanistan, our attack on &lt;br /&gt; that country was no more legitimate.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;This essay is a revised version &lt;br /&gt; of &amp;ldquo;Imperial Motives for a &amp;lsquo;New Pearl Harbor,&amp;rsquo;&amp;rdquo; chap. 6 of David &lt;br /&gt; Ray Griffin,&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;keywords=Christian%20Faith%20and%20the%20Truth%20Behind%209%2F11&amp;amp;tag=informati06f8-20&amp;amp;index=blended&amp;amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=9325&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000080&quot;&gt;Christian Faith and the Truth Behind &lt;br /&gt; 9/11&lt;img style=&quot;border-style: none ! important; margin: 0px; display: none&quot; src=&quot;http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=informati06f8-20&amp;amp;l=ur2&amp;amp;o=1&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; : A Call to Reflection and Action&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2006). Griffin is professor &lt;br /&gt; emeritus at Claremont School of Theology and Claremont Graduate &lt;br /&gt; University. His most recent books are &lt;strong&gt;Whitehead&amp;rsquo;s Radically &lt;br /&gt; Different Postmodern Philosophy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Debunking 9/11 &lt;br /&gt; Debunking&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; -------------&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;h4&gt;Notes&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;1. &lt;br /&gt; Stefan Halper and Jonathan Clarke, &lt;em&gt;America Alone: The &lt;br /&gt; Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order&lt;/em&gt; (Cambridge: Cambridge &lt;br /&gt; University Press, 2004), 4. Halper and Clarke, identifying with &lt;br /&gt; the Reagan presidency, criticize the ideological agenda of the &lt;br /&gt; neocons from what they call a &amp;ldquo;center-right&amp;rdquo; perspective (5-7).&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;2. &lt;br /&gt; Stephen J. Sniegoski, &amp;ldquo;Neoconservatives, Israel, and 9/11: The &lt;br /&gt; Origins of the U.S. War on Iraq.&amp;rdquo; In D. L. O&amp;rsquo;Huallachain and J. &lt;br /&gt; Forrest Sharpe, eds., &lt;em&gt;Neoconned Again: Hypocrisy, &lt;br /&gt; Lawlessness, and the Rape of Iraq&lt;/em&gt; (Vienna, Va.: IHS Press, &lt;br /&gt; 2005), 81-109, at 81-82. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;3. &lt;br /&gt; Gary Dorrien, &lt;em&gt;Imperial Designs: Neoconservatism and the New &lt;br /&gt; Pax Americana&lt;/em&gt; (New York: Routledge, 2004), 16. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;4. &lt;br /&gt; Dorrien&amp;rsquo;s examples are &amp;ldquo;William Bennett, Peter Berger, Francis &lt;br /&gt; Fukuyama, Zalmay Khalilzad, Jeane Kirkpatrick, Ernest Lefever, &lt;br /&gt; James Nuechterlein, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Michael Novak, &lt;br /&gt; Richard John Neuhaus, George Weigel, and James Q. Wilson&amp;rdquo; (&lt;em&gt;Imperial &lt;br /&gt; Designs&lt;/em&gt;, 15). &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;5. &lt;br /&gt; Michael Lind, &amp;ldquo;A Tragedy of Errors,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;The Nation&lt;/em&gt;, February &lt;br /&gt; 23, 2004, online; quoted in Justin Raimondo, &amp;ldquo;A Real Hijacking: &lt;br /&gt; The Neoconservative Fifth Column and the War in Iraq,&amp;rdquo; in &lt;br /&gt; O&amp;rsquo;Huallachain and Sharpe, eds., &lt;em&gt;Neoconned Again&lt;/em&gt;, 112-24, &lt;br /&gt; at 123. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;6. &lt;br /&gt; Norman Podhoretz, &amp;ldquo;After the Cold War,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Commentary&lt;/em&gt; 92 &lt;br /&gt; (July 1991), and &amp;ldquo;Neoconservatism: A Eulogy,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Commentary&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; 101 (March 1996); both cited in Andrew J. Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;The New &lt;br /&gt; American Militarism: How Americans Are Seduced by War&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 80. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;7. &lt;br /&gt; Irving Kristol, &lt;em&gt;Wall Street Journal&lt;/em&gt;, March 3, 1986; &lt;br /&gt; quoted in Gary Dorrien, &lt;em&gt;The Neoconservative Mind: Politics, &lt;br /&gt; Culture, and the War of Ideology &lt;/em&gt;(Philadelphia: Temple &lt;br /&gt; University Press, 1993), 117. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;8. &lt;br /&gt; Charles Krauthammer, &amp;ldquo;Universal Dominion: Toward a Unipolar &lt;br /&gt; World,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;National Interest&lt;/em&gt;, Winter 1989: 47-49.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;9. &lt;br /&gt; Krauthammer, &amp;ldquo;The Unipolar Moment,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Foreign Affairs&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; 1990. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;10. &lt;br /&gt; Krauthammer, &amp;ldquo;Bless Our Pax Americana,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Washington Post&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; March 22, 1991. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;11. &lt;br /&gt; Department of Defense, &amp;ldquo;Defense Planning Guidance,&amp;rdquo; February 18, &lt;br /&gt; 1992. Although Libby is usually considered the person who wrote &lt;br /&gt; this draft, Gary Dorrien says that it was actually written by &lt;br /&gt; Wolfowitz&amp;rsquo;s aide Zalmay Khalilzad, who had been briefed on what &lt;br /&gt; it should say by Wolfowitz and Libby---with additional input &lt;br /&gt; from Andrew Marshall, Richard Perle, and Albert Wohlstetter (&lt;em&gt;Imperial &lt;br /&gt; Designs&lt;/em&gt;, 39). &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;12. &lt;br /&gt; Andrew J. Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;American Empire: The Realities and &lt;br /&gt; Consequences of U.S. Diplomacy&lt;/em&gt; (Cambridge: Harvard &lt;br /&gt; University Press, 2002), 44. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;13. &lt;br /&gt; Patrick E. Tyler, &amp;ldquo;U.S. Strategy Plan Calls for Insuring No &lt;br /&gt; Rivals Develop: A One Superpower World,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; March 8, 1992 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://work.colum.edu/~amiller/wolfowitz1992.htm&quot;&gt;http://work.colum.edu/~amiller/wolfowitz1992.htm&lt;/a&gt;); &lt;br /&gt; Barton Gellman, &amp;ldquo;Keeping the U.S. First: Pentagon Would Preclude &lt;br /&gt; a Rival Superpower,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Washington Post&lt;/em&gt;, March 11, 1992 &lt;br /&gt; (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.yale.edu/strattech/92dpg.html&quot;&gt;http://www.yale.edu/strattech/92dpg.html&lt;/a&gt;).&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;14.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;Wall Street Journal&lt;/em&gt;, March 16, 1992. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;15. &lt;br /&gt; Quoted in Barton Gellman, &amp;ldquo;Aim of Defense Plan Supported by &lt;br /&gt; Bush,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Washington Post,&lt;/em&gt; March 12, 1992. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;16. &lt;br /&gt; Quoted in Gellman, &amp;ldquo;Keeping the U.S. First: Pentagon Would &lt;br /&gt; Preclude a Rival Superpower.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;17. &lt;br /&gt; Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;American Empire&lt;/em&gt;, 45. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;18. &lt;br /&gt; Paul Wolfowitz, &amp;ldquo;Remembering the Future,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;National Interest&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; Spring 2000 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2751/is_2000_Spring/ai_61299040&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2751/is_2000_Spring/ai_61299040&quot;&gt;http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2751/is_2000_Spring/ai_61299040&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;19. &lt;br /&gt; Dorrien, &lt;em&gt;Imperial Designs&lt;/em&gt;, 39. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;20. &lt;br /&gt; David Armstrong, &amp;ldquo;Dick Cheney&amp;rsquo;s Song of America,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Harper&amp;rsquo;s&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; October, 2002. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;21. &lt;br /&gt; Dorrien, &lt;em&gt;Imperial Designs&lt;/em&gt;, 142. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;22. &lt;br /&gt; Nicholas Lemann, &amp;ldquo;The Next World Order:&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;The Bush &lt;br /&gt; Administration May Have a Brand-New Doctrine of Power,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;New &lt;br /&gt; Yorker&lt;/em&gt;, April 1, 2002 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/020401fa_FACT1&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/020401fa_FACT1&quot;&gt;http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/020401fa_FACT1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; Lemann further reported that the first major product of this new &lt;br /&gt; thinking was a brief prepared by Wolfowitz to be presented to &lt;br /&gt; Cheney on May 21, 1990, at which time Cheney was also supposed &lt;br /&gt; to hear Colin Powell&amp;rsquo;s proposal for revising U.S. foreign policy &lt;br /&gt; but did not. Cheney then, on the basis of Wolfowitz&amp;rsquo;s proposal, &lt;br /&gt; briefed President Bush, who delivered a major foreign policy &lt;br /&gt; address on August 2 (the day that Iraq invaded Kuwait).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;23. &lt;br /&gt; Brinkley&amp;rsquo;s statement is quoted in &amp;ldquo;Cheney Is Power Hitter in &lt;br /&gt; White House Lineup,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;USA Today&lt;/em&gt;, August 28, 2002, which is &lt;br /&gt; quoted in Halper and Clarke, &lt;em&gt;America Alone&lt;/em&gt;, 120. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;24. &lt;br /&gt; Dorrien, &lt;em&gt;Imperial Designs&lt;/em&gt;, 42. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;25. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Defense Strategy of the 1990s,&amp;rdquo; Department of Defense, 1992.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;26. &lt;br /&gt; Lemann, &amp;ldquo;The Next World Order.&amp;rdquo; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;27. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Defense Strategy for the 1990s,&amp;rdquo; Department of Defense, &lt;br /&gt; January, 1993. Lemann, in &amp;ldquo;The Next World Order,&amp;rdquo; reported that &lt;br /&gt; although this was an unclassified and hence &amp;ldquo;scrubbed&amp;rdquo; version &lt;br /&gt; of the official document, &amp;ldquo;it contained the essential ideas of &lt;br /&gt; &amp;lsquo;shaping,&amp;rsquo; rather than reacting to, the rest of the world, and &lt;br /&gt; of preventing the rise of other superpowers.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;28. &lt;br /&gt; Zalmay Khalilzad, &lt;em&gt;From Containment to Global Leadership? &lt;br /&gt; America and the World after the Cold War&lt;/em&gt; (Rand Corporation, &lt;br /&gt; 1995). &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;29. &lt;br /&gt; Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;The New American Militarism&lt;/em&gt;, 81. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;30. &lt;br /&gt; Robert Kagan, &amp;ldquo;American Power: A Guide for the Perplexed,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Commentary&lt;/em&gt; 101 (April 1996).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;31. &lt;br /&gt; William Kristol and Robert Kagan, &amp;ldquo;Foreign Policy and the &lt;br /&gt; Republican Future,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Weekly Standard&lt;/em&gt;, October 12, 1998. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;32. &lt;br /&gt; Robert Kagan, &amp;ldquo;The Clinton Legacy Abroad,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Weekly Standard&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; January 15, 2001; quoted in Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;The New American &lt;br /&gt; Militarism&lt;/em&gt;, 85. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;33. &lt;br /&gt; Halper and Clarke, &lt;em&gt;America Alone&lt;/em&gt;, 110. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;34. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 126. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;35. &lt;br /&gt; Dorrien, &lt;em&gt;Imperial Designs&lt;/em&gt;, 68, 130. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;36. &lt;br /&gt; Project for the New American Century, &amp;ldquo;Statement of Principles,&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt; June 3, 1997 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newamericancentury.org/statementofprinciples.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newamericancentury.org/statementofprinciples.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.newamericancentury.org/statementofprinciples.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;37. &lt;br /&gt; Project for the New American Century (henceforth PNAC),&lt;em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Rebuilding America&amp;rsquo;s Defenses: Strategy, Forces and Resources &lt;br /&gt; for a New Century&lt;/em&gt;, September 2000 (www.newamericancentury.org). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;38. &lt;br /&gt; Dorrien, &lt;em&gt;Imperial Designs&lt;/em&gt;, 142-43; Sniegoski, &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Neoconservatives, Israel, and 911,&amp;rdquo; 94-95. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;39. &lt;br /&gt; Krauthammer, &amp;ldquo;The Bush Doctrine,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Time&lt;/em&gt;, March 5, 2001 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/time/2001/03/05/doctrine.html&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/time/2001/03/05/doctrine.html&quot;&gt;http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/time/2001/03/05/doctrine.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;40. &lt;br /&gt; Krauthammer&amp;rsquo;s statements, originally published in Emily Eakin, &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;All Roads Lead To D.C.,&amp;rdquo;&lt;em&gt; New York Times&lt;/em&gt;, Week In Review, &lt;br /&gt; March 31, 2002, are quoted in Jonathan Freedland, &amp;ldquo;Is America &lt;br /&gt; the New Rome?&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Guardian&lt;/em&gt;, September 18, 2002. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;41. &lt;br /&gt; Robert Kaplan, &amp;ldquo;Supremacy by Stealth: Ten Rules for Managing the &lt;br /&gt; World,&amp;rdquo;&lt;em&gt; Atlantic Monthly&lt;/em&gt;, July/August, 2003. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;42. &lt;br /&gt; See John McMurtry, &amp;ldquo;9/11 and the 9/11 Wars: Understanding the &lt;br /&gt; Supreme Crimes,&amp;rdquo; in David Ray Griffin and Peter Dale Scott, &lt;br /&gt; eds., &lt;em&gt;9/11 and the American Empire: Intellectuals Speak Out&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; (Northampton: Interlink Books, 2006). &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;43. &lt;br /&gt; Paul Kennedy, &lt;em&gt;The Rise and Fall of Great Powers: Economic &lt;br /&gt; Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000&lt;/em&gt; (New York: &lt;br /&gt; Vintage Books, 1987). &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;44. &lt;br /&gt; Paul Kennedy, &amp;ldquo;The Eagle Has Landed,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Financial Times&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; February 22, 2002. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;45. &lt;br /&gt; Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;American Empire&lt;/em&gt;, 244. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;46. &lt;br /&gt; This distancing is especially evident in Bacevich&amp;rsquo;s later book,&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;The New American Militarism&lt;/em&gt;. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;47. &lt;br /&gt; Claes Ryn, &amp;ldquo;The Ideology of American Empire,&amp;rdquo; in O&amp;rsquo;Huallachain &lt;br /&gt; and Sharpe, eds., &lt;em&gt;Neoconned Again&lt;/em&gt;, 63-79, at 65. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;48. &lt;br /&gt; Norman Podhoretz, &amp;ldquo;The Reagan Road to D&amp;eacute;tente,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Foreign &lt;br /&gt; Affairs&lt;/em&gt; 63 (1984), 452; &amp;ldquo;The Neo-Conservative Anguish over &lt;br /&gt; Reagan&amp;rsquo;s Foreign Policy,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;New York Times Magazine&lt;/em&gt;, May 2, &lt;br /&gt; 1982; both quoted in Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;The New American Militarism&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; 74. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;49. &lt;br /&gt; Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;The New American Militarism&lt;/em&gt;, 133. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;50. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Joint Vision 2010&amp;rdquo; (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.dtic.mil/jv2010/jvpub.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.dtic.mil/jv2010/jvpub.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.dtic.mil/jv2010/jvpub.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;51. &lt;br /&gt; General Howell M. Estes III, USAF, United States Space Command, &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Vision for 2020,&amp;rdquo; February 1997 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/usspac/visbook.pdf&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/usspac/visbook.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/usspac/visbook.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;52. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Joint Vision 2020&amp;rdquo; (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.dtic.mil/jointvision/jvpub2.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.dtic.mil/jointvision/jvpub2.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.dtic.mil/jointvision/jvpub2.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;53. &lt;br /&gt; Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;American Empire&lt;/em&gt;, 127.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;54. &lt;br /&gt; PNAC, &lt;em&gt;Rebuilding America&amp;rsquo;s Defenses&lt;/em&gt;, 4. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;55. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 38, 54, 30. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;56. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., iv, 6, 50, 51, 59. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;57. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 62. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;58. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 51. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;59. &lt;br /&gt; Dorrien, &lt;em&gt;Imperial Designs&lt;/em&gt;, 45. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;60. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 44-46; Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;The New American Militarism&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; 152-64, 167-73. Richard Perle, who also became a Wohlstetter &lt;br /&gt; disciple at a young age, said of Wolfowitz: &amp;ldquo;Paul thinks the way &lt;br /&gt; Albert thinks&amp;rdquo; (Dorrien, &lt;em&gt;Imperial Designs&lt;/em&gt;, 46). &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;61. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Andrew Marshall,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Source Watch&lt;/em&gt;, Center for Media &amp;amp; &lt;br /&gt; Democracy (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Andrew_Marshall&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Andrew_Marshall&quot;&gt;http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Andrew_Marshall&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;62.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;Report of the Commission to Assess U.S. National Security &lt;br /&gt; Space Management and Organization&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/spaceabout.html&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/spaceabout.html&quot;&gt;http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/spaceabout.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;br /&gt; 7.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;63. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 15. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;64. &lt;br /&gt; This according to the &lt;em&gt;Washington Post&lt;/em&gt;, January 27, 2002. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;65. &lt;br /&gt; Robert Kagan, &amp;ldquo;We Must Fight This War,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Washington Post&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; September 12, 2001; Henry Kissinger, &amp;ldquo;Destroy the Network,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Washington Post&lt;/em&gt;, September 11, 2001 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://washingtonpost.com&quot;&gt;http://washingtonpost.com&lt;/a&gt;); &lt;br /&gt; Lance Morrow, &amp;ldquo;The Case for Rage and Retribution,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Time&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; September 11, 2001.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;66. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Secretary Rumsfeld Interview with the New York Times,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;New &lt;br /&gt; York Times&lt;/em&gt;, October 12, 2001.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;67. &lt;br /&gt; Nicholas Lemann, &amp;ldquo;The Next World Order:&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;The Bush &lt;br /&gt; Administration May Have a Brand-New Doctrine of Power,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;New &lt;br /&gt; Yorker&lt;/em&gt;, April 1, 2002 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/020401fa_FACT1&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/020401fa_FACT1&quot;&gt;http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/020401fa_FACT1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; The phrase in the inside quotation marks is a direct quote from &lt;br /&gt; Rice; the rest of the statement is Lemann&amp;rsquo;s paraphrase. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;68. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Remarks by National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice on &lt;br /&gt; Terrorism and Foreign Policy,&amp;rdquo; April 29, 2002 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.whitehouse.gov/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none&quot;&gt;www.whitehouse.gov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;69. &lt;br /&gt; Bob Woodward, &lt;em&gt;Bush at War&lt;/em&gt; (New York: Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, &lt;br /&gt; 2002), 32. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;70. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;September 11, 2001: Attack on America: Remarks by the President &lt;br /&gt; in Telephone Conversation with New York Mayor Giuliani and New &lt;br /&gt; York Governor Pataki 11:00 A.M. EDT; September 13, 2001,&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt; available at&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/sept_11/president_009.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/sept_11/president_009.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/sept_11/president_009.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Bush Vows to &amp;lsquo;Whip Terrorism,&amp;rsquo;&amp;rdquo; Reuters, Sept. 14, 2001. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;71. &lt;br /&gt; Lemann, &amp;ldquo;The Next World Order.&amp;rdquo; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;72. &lt;br /&gt; Department of Defense News Briefing on Pentagon Attack, 6:42 PM, &lt;br /&gt; September 11, 2001 (available at&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/sept_11/dod_brief02.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/sept_11/dod_brief02.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/sept_11/dod_brief02.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; According to the transcript, the question was asked by Secretary &lt;br /&gt; Rumsfeld. But the flow of the discussion suggests that it came &lt;br /&gt; from a reporter. In either case, the 9/11 attacks were &lt;br /&gt; interpreted to mean that greater military spending was needed, &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;especially for missile defense.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;73. &lt;br /&gt; Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;The New American Militarism&lt;/em&gt;, 173 (the second &lt;br /&gt; phrase in quotation marks was taken by Bacevich from Thomas E. &lt;br /&gt; Ricks, &amp;ldquo;For Rumsfeld, Many Roadblocks,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Washington Post&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; August 7, 2001). &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;74. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 173. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;75. &lt;br /&gt; Perle&amp;rsquo;s statement is quoted by Bacevich (ibid., 173-74) from &lt;br /&gt; Neil Swidey, &amp;ldquo;The Mind of the Administration,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Boston Globe&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; May 18, 2003. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;76.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;The National Security Strategy of the United States of &lt;br /&gt; America&lt;/em&gt;, September 2002, henceforth &lt;em&gt;NSS 2002&lt;/em&gt; (www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.html), &lt;br /&gt; 29-30.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;77.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;NSS &lt;/em&gt;2002, 28.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;78. &lt;br /&gt; In using this hyphenated term, I follow the precedent of &lt;br /&gt; Catherine Keller in &amp;ldquo;Omnipotence and Preemption,&amp;rdquo; in David Ray &lt;br /&gt; Griffin, John B. Cobb, Jr., Richard Falk, and Catherine Keller,&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;The American Empire and the Commonwealth of God&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006). &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;79. &lt;br /&gt; Barton Gellman, &amp;ldquo;Keeping the U.S. First: Pentagon Would Preclude &lt;br /&gt; a Rival Superpower&amp;rdquo;; cited in Halper and Clark, &lt;em&gt;America Alone&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; 141. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;80. &lt;br /&gt; Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies, &amp;ldquo;A Clean &lt;br /&gt; Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm,&amp;rdquo; June 1996 &lt;br /&gt; (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.israeleconomy.org/strat1.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.israeleconomy.org/strat1.htm&lt;/a&gt;).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;81. &lt;br /&gt; PNAC, &amp;ldquo;Statement of Principles,&amp;rdquo; 1997 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newamericancentury.org/statementofprinciples.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newamericancentury.org/statementofprinciples.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.newamericancentury.org/statementofprinciples.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;82. &lt;br /&gt; PNAC, Letter to President Clinton on Iraq, May 29, 1998 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newamericancentury.org/iraqclintonletter.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newamericancentury.org/iraqclintonletter.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.newamericancentury.org/iraqclintonletter.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;83. &lt;br /&gt; Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;The New American Militarism&lt;/em&gt;, 91. &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; 84. &amp;ldquo;President Bush Delivers Graduation &lt;br /&gt; Speech at West Point,&amp;rdquo; June 1, 2002 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/06/20020601-3.html&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/06/20020601-3.html&quot;&gt;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/06/20020601-3.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;85.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;NSS 2002&lt;/em&gt;, cover letter. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;86.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;NSS 2002&lt;/em&gt;, 6, 15.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;87. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 15. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;88. &lt;br /&gt; Halper and Clarke, &lt;em&gt;America Alone&lt;/em&gt;, 142. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;89. &lt;br /&gt; Max Boot, &amp;ldquo;Think Again: Neocons,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Foreign Policy,&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; January/February 2004 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.cfr.org/publication/7592/think_again.html&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.cfr.org/publication/7592/think_again.html&quot;&gt;http://www.cfr.org/publication/7592/think_again.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;br /&gt; 18.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;90. &lt;br /&gt; The fact that Zelikow was &amp;ldquo;involved in the drafting&amp;rdquo; of this &lt;br /&gt; document was revealed on PBS in &lt;em&gt;Frontline&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Interview &lt;br /&gt; with Barton Gellman&amp;rdquo; on January 29, 2003, shortly after Zelikow &lt;br /&gt; had become executive director of the 9/11 Commission. According &lt;br /&gt; to Gellman, a staff writer for the &lt;em&gt;Washington Post&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; Zelikow had told him this during a telephone conversation the &lt;br /&gt; previous day. The fact that Zelikow was the &lt;em&gt;primary&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; drafter of &lt;em&gt;NSS 2002&lt;/em&gt; was revealed in James Mann, &lt;em&gt;Rise &lt;br /&gt; of the Vulcans: The History of Bush&amp;rsquo;s War Cabinet&lt;/em&gt; (New York: &lt;br /&gt; Viking, 2004), 316, 331. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;91. &lt;br /&gt; Mann, &lt;em&gt;Rise of the Vulcans,&lt;/em&gt; 316. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;92. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 331. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;93. &lt;br /&gt; Ashton Carter, John Deutch, and Philip Zelikow, &amp;ldquo;Catastrophic &lt;br /&gt; Terrorism: Tackling the New Danger,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Foreign Affairs&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; November/December 1998, 80-94 (available at&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://cryptome.quintessenz.at/mirror/ct-tnd.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://cryptome.quintessenz.at/mirror/ct-tnd.htm&quot;&gt;http://cryptome.quintessenz.at/mirror/ct-tnd.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;94. &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Kean and Lee Hamilton, the chair and vice chair, &lt;br /&gt; respectively, of the 9/11 Commission, say in their preface to &lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The 9/11 Commission Report&lt;/em&gt; that they had &amp;ldquo;sought to be &lt;br /&gt; independent, impartial, . . . and nonpartisan&amp;rdquo; (xv). In their &lt;br /&gt; later book, &lt;em&gt;Without Precedent: The Inside Story of the 9/11 &lt;br /&gt; Commission&lt;/em&gt; (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006), they reaffirm &lt;br /&gt; that they had been determined to be &amp;ldquo;nonpartisan and &lt;br /&gt; independent&amp;rdquo; (29). &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;95. &lt;br /&gt; According to Kean and Hamilton themselves, Zelikow provided the &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;overarching vision&amp;rdquo; for the report and, with the aid of his &lt;br /&gt; former coauthor Ernest May, prepared the outline, which he &lt;br /&gt; presented to the staff, assigning &amp;ldquo;different sections and &lt;br /&gt; subsections of it to individual staff members&amp;rdquo; (&lt;em&gt;Without &lt;br /&gt; Precedent&lt;/em&gt;, 273). Finally, although various members of the &lt;br /&gt; Commission&amp;rsquo;s staff wrote the first drafts of the various &lt;br /&gt; chapters, we learn from May, revised drafts were then produced &lt;br /&gt; by the &amp;ldquo;front office,&amp;rdquo; which was headed by Zelikow (Ernest May, &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;When Government Writes History: A Memoir of the 9/11 &lt;br /&gt; Commission,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;New Republic&lt;/em&gt;, May 23, 2005). &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; 96. Statement of the Family Steering &lt;br /&gt; Committee for The 9/11 Independent Commission, March 20, 2004 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.911independentcommission.org/mar202004.html&quot;&gt;www.911independentcommission.org/mar202004.html&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;97. &lt;br /&gt; David Ray Griffin, &lt;em&gt;The 9/11 Commission Report: Omissions and &lt;br /&gt; Distortions&lt;/em&gt; (Northampton: Olive Branch, 2005), chap. 10, &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Possible Motives of the Bush Administration.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;98. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;President Addresses the Nation in Prime Time Press Conference,&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt; April 13, 2004 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/04/20040413-20.html&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/04/20040413-20.html&quot;&gt;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/04/20040413-20.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;99. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Statement by the President in His Address to the Nation,&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt; September 11, 2001 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010911-16.html&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010911-16.html&quot;&gt;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010911-16.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;100. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Bin Laden Is Wanted: Dead or Alive, Says Bush,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Telegraph&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; September 18, 2001 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/09/18/wbush18.xml&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/09/18/wbush18.xml&quot;&gt;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/09/18/wbush18.xml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;101. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;White House Warns Taliban: &amp;lsquo;We Will Defeat You&amp;rsquo;&amp;rdquo; (CNN.com, &lt;br /&gt; September 21, 2001). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;102. &lt;br /&gt; Kathy Gannon, Associated Press, &amp;ldquo;Taliban Willing To Talk, But &lt;br /&gt; Wants U.S. Respect&amp;rdquo; (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.suburbanchicagonews.com/focus/terrorism/archives/1001/w01taliban.html&quot;&gt;http://www.suburbanchicagonews.com/focus/terrorism/archives/1001/w01taliban.html&lt;/a&gt;).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;103. &lt;br /&gt; For the various kinds of evidence, see David Ray Griffin, &lt;em&gt;The &lt;br /&gt; New Pearl Harbor&lt;/em&gt;, chap. 8, or &lt;em&gt;The 9/11 Commission Report: &lt;br /&gt; Omissions and Distortions&lt;/em&gt;, chap. 6. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;104. &lt;br /&gt; Francis Boyle, &amp;ldquo;No Proof, No Investigation, No Accountability, &lt;br /&gt; No Law&amp;rdquo; (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ratical.org/ratville/CAH/fab051702.html&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ratical.org/ratville/CAH/fab051702.html&quot;&gt;http://www.ratical.org/ratville/CAH/fab051702.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; Boyle points out that a White Paper, entitled &amp;ldquo;Responsibility &lt;br /&gt; for the Terrorist Atrocities in the United States,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; provided by British Prime Minister Tony Blair on October 4, &lt;br /&gt; 2001. But it began with the disclaimer that it &amp;rdquo;does not purport &lt;br /&gt; to provide a prosecutable case against Usama Bin Laden in a &lt;br /&gt; court of law.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;105. &lt;br /&gt; Federal Bureau of Investigation, Most Wanted Terrorists (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/terbinladen.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/terbinladen.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/terbinladen.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;); &lt;br /&gt; the statement, made by Rex Tomb, Chief of Investigative &lt;br /&gt; Publicity for the FBI, is quoted in Ed Haas, &amp;ldquo;FBI says, &amp;lsquo;No Hard &lt;br /&gt; Evidence Connecting Bin Laden to 9/11&amp;rsquo;&amp;rdquo; Muckraker Report, June &lt;br /&gt; 6, 2006 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.teamliberty.net/id267.html&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.teamliberty.net/id267.html&quot;&gt;http://www.teamliberty.net/id267.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;106. &lt;br /&gt; Zbigniew Brzezinski, &lt;em&gt;The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy &lt;br /&gt; and Its Geostrategic Imperatives&lt;/em&gt; (New York: Basic Books, &lt;br /&gt; 1997), 35-36. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;107. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 36.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;108. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 212. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;109. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 212, 24-25. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;110. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Senate Foreign Relations Committee Testimony&amp;mdash;-Zbigniew &lt;br /&gt; Brzezinski, February 1, 2007,&amp;rdquo; Information Clearing House (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ichblog.eu/content/view/258/52&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ichblog.eu/content/view/258/52&quot;&gt;http://www.ichblog.eu/content/view/258/52&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;111. &lt;br /&gt; See Ahmed Rashid, &lt;em&gt;Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and &lt;br /&gt; Fundamentalism in Central Asia&lt;/em&gt; (New Haven: Yale University &lt;br /&gt; Press, 2001), chaps. 12 and 13, entitled &amp;ldquo;Romancing the Taliban: &lt;br /&gt; The Battle for Pipelines.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;112. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 75-79, 175. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;113. &lt;br /&gt; Julio Godoy, &amp;ldquo;U.S. Taliban Policy Influenced by Oil,&amp;rdquo; Inter &lt;br /&gt; Press Service, November 16, 2001. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;114. &lt;br /&gt; This according to Niaz Naik, the highly respected Pakistani &lt;br /&gt; representative at the meeting, as reported in George Arney, &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;U.S. &amp;lsquo;Planned Attack on Taleban,&amp;rsquo;&amp;rdquo; BBC News, Sept. 18, 2001. In &lt;br /&gt; a story in the &lt;em&gt;Guardian&lt;/em&gt; entitled &amp;ldquo;Threat of U.S. Strikes &lt;br /&gt; Passed to Taliban Weeks Before NY Attack&amp;rdquo; (September 22, 2001), &lt;br /&gt; one of the American representatives was quoted as confirming &lt;br /&gt; that this discussion of military action did occur. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;115.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;The Frontier Post&lt;/em&gt;, October 10, 2001, cited in Nafeez &lt;br /&gt; Mosaddeq Ahmed, &lt;em&gt;The War on Freedom: How and Why America was &lt;br /&gt; Attacked September 11, 2001&lt;/em&gt; (Joshua Tree, Calif.: Tree of &lt;br /&gt; Life, 2002), 227.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;116. &lt;br /&gt; Chalmers Johnson, &lt;em&gt;The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, &lt;br /&gt; and the End of the Republic&lt;/em&gt; (New York: Metropolitan Books, &lt;br /&gt; 2004), 178-79. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;117. &lt;br /&gt; On his career, see &amp;ldquo;Zalmay Khalilzad,&amp;rdquo; Source Watch (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Zalmay_Khalilzad&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Zalmay_Khalilzad&quot;&gt;http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Zalmay_Khalilzad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;118.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;Chicago Tribune&lt;/em&gt;, March 18, 2002, quoting from the Israeli &lt;br /&gt; newspaper &lt;em&gt;Ma'ariv&lt;/em&gt;. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;119. &lt;br /&gt; Johnson, &lt;em&gt;Sorrows of Empire&lt;/em&gt;, 182-83. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;margin-right: 1.6pt&quot; class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;120. That Wolfowitz made this &lt;br /&gt; comment in a statement to the Commission was reported by &lt;br /&gt; Commissioner Jamie Gorelick. The statements by Gorelick and &lt;br /&gt; Rumsfeld are quoted in &amp;ldquo;Day One Transcript: 9/11 Commission &lt;br /&gt; Hearing,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Washington Post&lt;/em&gt;, March 23, 2004 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A17798-2004Mar23.html&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A17798-2004Mar23.html&quot;&gt;http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A17798-2004Mar23.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;121. &lt;br /&gt; Sniegoski, &amp;ldquo;Neoconservatives, Israel, and 9/11,&amp;rdquo; 86-87, citing &lt;br /&gt; Arnold Beichman, &amp;ldquo;How the Divide over Iraq Strategies Began,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Washington Times&lt;/em&gt;, November 27, 2002. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;122. &lt;br /&gt; Albert Wohlstetter, &amp;ldquo;Help Iraqi Dissidents Oust Saddam,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Wall &lt;br /&gt; Street Journal&lt;/em&gt;, August 25, 1992. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;123. &lt;br /&gt; Wohlstetter, &amp;ldquo;Meeting the Threat in the Persian Gulf,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Survey&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt; 25 (Spring 1981): 128-88; discussed in Bacevich, &lt;em&gt;The New &lt;br /&gt; American Militarism&lt;/em&gt;, 191. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;124. &lt;br /&gt; Arnaud de Borchgrave, &amp;ldquo;All in the Family,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Washington Times&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;br /&gt; September 13, 2004, online. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;125. &lt;br /&gt; Paul D. Wolfowitz and Zalmay M. Khalilzad, &amp;ldquo;Saddam Must Go,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Weekly Standard&lt;/em&gt;, December 1997. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;126. &lt;br /&gt; William Kristol and Robert Kagan, &amp;ldquo;Bombing Iraq Isn&amp;rsquo;t Enough,&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt;, January 30, 1998. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;127. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Prepared Testimony of Paul D. Wolfowitz,&amp;rdquo; House National &lt;br /&gt; Security Committee, U.S. Congress, September 16, 1998; Wolfowitz, &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Iraqi Rebels with a Cause,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;New Republic&lt;/em&gt;, December 7, &lt;br /&gt; 1998. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;128. &lt;br /&gt; PNAC, Letter to President Clinton on Iraq, January 26, 1998 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newamericancentury.org/iraqclintonletter.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newamericancentury.org/iraqclintonletter.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.newamericancentury.org/iraqclintonletter.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; PNAC, Letter to Gingrich and Lott on Iraq, May 29, 1998&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt; (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.newamericancentury.org/iraqletter1998.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.newamericancentury.org/iraqletter1998.htm&lt;/a&gt;).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;129. &lt;br /&gt; PNAC, &lt;em&gt;Rebuilding America&amp;rsquo;s Defenses&lt;/em&gt;, 14. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;130. &lt;br /&gt; O&amp;rsquo;Neill is quoted to this effect in Ron Susskind, &lt;em&gt;The Price &lt;br /&gt; of Loyalty: George W. Bush, the White House, and the Education &lt;br /&gt; of Paul O&amp;rsquo;Neill&lt;/em&gt; (New York: Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, 2004). O&amp;rsquo;Neill &lt;br /&gt; repeated this point in an interview on CBS&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;60 Minutes&amp;rdquo; in &lt;br /&gt; January of 2004. Susskind, whose book also draws on interviews &lt;br /&gt; with other officials, said that in its first weeks the Bush &lt;br /&gt; administration was discussing the occupation of Iraq and the &lt;br /&gt; question of how to divide up its oil (www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/01/09/60minutes/main592330.shtml). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;131. &lt;br /&gt; Richard Clarke, &lt;em&gt;Against All Enemies: Inside America&amp;rsquo;s War on &lt;br /&gt; Terror&lt;/em&gt; (New York: Free Press, 2004), 264.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;132. &lt;br /&gt; Quoted in Elizabeth Drew, &amp;ldquo;The Neocons in Power,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;New York &lt;br /&gt; Review of Books&lt;/em&gt;, 50/10 (June 12, 2003)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;133. &lt;br /&gt; Woodward, &lt;em&gt;Bush at War&lt;/em&gt; (New York: Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, 2002), &lt;br /&gt; 83. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;134. &lt;br /&gt; Reported by CBS News, September 4, 2002. This note, written by &lt;br /&gt; Rumsfeld&amp;rsquo;s top aide, Stephen Cambone (who participated in PNAC&amp;rsquo;s &lt;br /&gt; project to produce &lt;em&gt;Rebuilding America&amp;rsquo;s Defenses&lt;/em&gt;), is now &lt;br /&gt; available online (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.outragedmoderates.org/2006/02/dod-staffers-notes-from-911-obtained.html&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.outragedmoderates.org/2006/02/dod-staffers-notes-from-911-obtained.html&quot;&gt;http://www.outragedmoderates.org/2006/02/dod-staffers-notes-from-911-obtained.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;135. &lt;br /&gt; Bob Woodward, &lt;em&gt;Bush at War&lt;/em&gt;, 48-49.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;136. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 49, 83-85.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;137. &lt;br /&gt; Glenn Kessler, &amp;quot;U.S. Decision on Iraq Has Puzzling Past,&amp;quot; &lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Washington Post&lt;/em&gt;, January 12, 2003 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43909-2003Jan11.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43909-&quot;&gt;http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43909-&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt; 2003Jan11.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;138. &lt;br /&gt; Sniegoski, &amp;ldquo;Neoconservatives, Israel, and 9/11,&amp;rdquo; 101. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;139. &lt;br /&gt; Halper and Clarke, &lt;em&gt;America Alone&lt;/em&gt;, 230. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;140. &lt;br /&gt; Sniegoski, &amp;ldquo;Neoconservatives, Israel, and 9/11,&amp;rdquo; 108-09. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;141. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Remarks by the Vice President to the Veterans of Foreign Wars &lt;br /&gt; 103&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; National Convention,&amp;rdquo; August 26, 2002 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/08/20020826.html&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/08/20020826.html&quot;&gt;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/08/20020826.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;142. &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Remarks by the President on Iraq,&amp;rdquo; October 7, 2002 (&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; text-decoration: underline&quot; href=&quot;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021007-8.html&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021007-8.html&quot;&gt;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021007-8.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;143. &lt;br /&gt; Halper and Clarke, &lt;em&gt;America Alone&lt;/em&gt;, 203; see also the &lt;br /&gt; entirety of their chap. 7, &amp;ldquo;The False Pretences.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;144. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 210, 209. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;145. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 201, 214. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;146. &lt;br /&gt; Ibid., 218. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;147. &lt;br /&gt; Quoted in Gustave Gilbert, &lt;em&gt;Nuremberg Diary&lt;/em&gt; (New York: &lt;br /&gt; Farrar, Straus, &amp;amp; Co, 1947), 278. Gilbert was reporting a &lt;br /&gt; conversation he had with Hermann G&amp;ouml;ring on the evening of April &lt;br /&gt; 18, 1946, while the Nuremberg trials were going on.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;148. &lt;br /&gt; I called it &lt;em&gt;prima facie&lt;/em&gt; evidence in my first book on the &lt;br /&gt; subject, &lt;em&gt;The New Pearl Harbor: Disturbing Questions about the &lt;br /&gt; Bush Administration and 9/11&lt;/em&gt; (Northampton: Olive Branch, &lt;br /&gt; 2004), xxiii. I call the evidence &amp;ldquo;overwhelming&amp;rdquo; in &lt;em&gt;Debunking &lt;br /&gt; 9/11 Debunking: An Answer to Popular Mechanics and Other &lt;br /&gt; Defenders of the Official Conspiracy Theory&lt;/em&gt; (Olive Branch, &lt;br /&gt; April 2007). This latter book is now my most complete case &lt;br /&gt; against the official theory and hence my most complete argument &lt;br /&gt; that 9/11 was an inside job. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;149. &lt;br /&gt; David Ray Griffin, &lt;em&gt;The 9/11 Commission Report: Omissions and &lt;br /&gt; Distortions&lt;/em&gt; (Northampton: Olive Branch, 2005), 241-44. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;150. &lt;br /&gt; See the introduction to &lt;em&gt;Debunking 9/11 Debunking&lt;/em&gt;. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt&quot;&gt;151. &lt;br /&gt; Dorrien, &lt;em&gt;Imperial Designs&lt;/em&gt;, 168, citing Kristol and Kagan, &lt;br /&gt; &amp;ldquo;Time for an Investigation,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Weekly Standard&lt;/em&gt;, May 27, &lt;br /&gt; 2002: 9-10, and Kagan and Kristol, &amp;ldquo;Still Time for an &lt;br /&gt; Investigation,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Weekly Standard&lt;/em&gt;, June 10, 2002: 9-10. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;script&gt;gebi('collapsediv-92962-0').style.display='none';gebi('collapselink-92962-0').onclick=function(){var d=gebi('collapsediv-92962-0');d.style.display=d.style.display=='none'?'block':'none';this.innerHTML=d.style.display=='none'?'expand':'collapse';return false;}&lt;/script&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt; - uhohzombies&lt;/b&gt;</description>
<author>uhohzombies (http://uhohzombies.videosift.com)</author>
<comments>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Neocon-Imperialism-911-and-the-Attacks-on-Afghanistan-and-Iraq-Part-2</comments>
<guid>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Neocon-Imperialism-911-and-the-Attacks-on-Afghanistan-and-Iraq-Part-2</guid>
<pubDate>Sat, 12 Apr 2008 13:24:23 -0700</pubDate>
</item><item><title>Neocon Imperialism, 9/11, and the Attacks on Afghanistan and Iraq</title>
<link>http://blog.videosift.com/uhohzombies/Neocon-Imperialism-911-and-the-Attacks-on-Afghanistan-and-Iraq</link>
<description>&lt;img src=&quot;http://static1.videosift.com/avatars/u/uhohzombies.jpg?1216359343&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(0 comments - 212 views)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;
I recently read this article and wanted to share it with all of you who would choose to view it. It's incredibly well cited which I think is one of its strengths; it can't be shrugged off as just some leftist opinion piece. There's too much documented information and &lt;em&gt;fact &lt;/em&gt;here to be so easily dismissed. I urge you to please read it. I know it's long, but it's worth a few minutes of your time. If you would prefer to read it from the original source, visit: &lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article17194.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article17194.htm&lt;/a&gt;  
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;script&gt;document.write('&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;#&quot; id=&quot;collapselink-92960-0&quot;&gt;expand&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;');&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;collapsediv-92960-0&quot;&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;6&quot;&gt;Neocon Imperialism, 9/11, and 
the Attacks on Afghanistan and Iraq&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;By David Ray Griffin&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;02/27/07 &amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; href=&quot;http://informationclearinghouse.info/&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ICH&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot; 
-- - -On&lt;/strong&gt;e way to understand the effect of 9/11, in most 
general terms, is to see that it allowed the agenda developed in 
the 1990s by neoconservatives&amp;mdash;-often called simply &amp;ldquo;neocons&amp;rdquo;---to 
be implemented. There is agreement on this point across the 
political spectrum. From the right, for example, Stefan Halper 
and Jonathan Clarke say that 9/11 allowed the &amp;ldquo;preexisting 
ideological agenda&amp;rdquo; of the neoconservatives to be &amp;ldquo;taken off the 
shelf . . . and relabeled as &lt;em&gt;the &lt;/em&gt;response to terror.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; 
Stephen Sniegoski, writing from the left, says that &amp;ldquo;it was only 
the traumatic effects of the 9/11 terrorism that enabled the 
agenda of the neocons to become the policy of the United States 
of America.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
What &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; this agenda? It was, in essence, that the United 
States should use its military supremacy to establish an empire 
that includes the whole world--a global &lt;em&gt;Pax Americana&lt;/em&gt;. 
Three major means to this end were suggested. One of these was 
to make U.S. military supremacy over other nations even greater, 
so that it would be completely beyond challenge. This goal was 
to be achieved by increasing the money devoted to military 
purposes, then using this money to complete the &amp;ldquo;revolution in 
military affairs&amp;rdquo; made possible by the emergence of the 
information age. The second major way to achieve a global &lt;em&gt;Pax 
Americana&lt;/em&gt; was to announce and implement a doctrine of 
preventive-preemptive war, usually for the sake of bringing 
about &amp;ldquo;regime change&amp;rdquo; in countries regarded as hostile to U.S. 
interests and values. The third means toward the goal of 
universal empire was to use this new doctrine to gain control of 
the world&amp;rsquo;s oil, especially in the Middle East, most immediately 
Iraq. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot;&gt;
In discussing these ideas, I will 
include recognitions by some commentators that without 9/11, the 
various dimensions of this agenda could not have been 
implemented. My purpose in publishing this essay is to introduce 
a perspective, relevant to the debates about the wars in Iraq 
and Afghanistan and the impeachment of President Bush and Vice 
President Cheney, that thus far has not been part of the public 
discussion. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;1. 
Neoconservatives and Global Empire&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
The &amp;ldquo;neo&amp;rdquo; in the 
term &amp;ldquo;neo-conservative&amp;rdquo; is a remnant of the fact that the first 
generation neoconservatives, such as Irving Kristol and Norman 
Podhoretz, had moved to the right after having been members of 
the left. Kristol, often called &amp;ldquo;the godfather of 
neoconservatism,&amp;rdquo; famously defined neoconservatives as liberals 
who had been &amp;ldquo;mugged by reality.&amp;rdquo; No such move, however, has 
characterized most of the second-generation neocons, who came to 
dominate the movement in the 1990s. As Gary Dorrien says in &lt;em&gt;
Imperial Designs: Neoconservatism and the New Pax Americana&lt;/em&gt;, 
&amp;ldquo;the new neocons had never been progressives of any kind.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; 
The term &amp;ldquo;neoconservatism&amp;rdquo; is, in any case, used here to refer 
strictly to an ideology, not to any biographical facts about 
those who hold this ideology. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; I mean 
&amp;ldquo;biographical facts&amp;rdquo; to include ethnicity. Although many of the 
prominent neoconservatives have been Jewish, leading some people 
to think that Jewishness is a necessary condition for being a 
neo-conservative, this is not so. As Dorrien points out, &amp;ldquo;a 
significant number of prominent neocons were not Jews.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
This discussion has its primary importance in relation to Dick 
Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld. If neoconservatism is understood to 
be entirely a matter of ideology, not also partly a matter of 
biography, then there is no reason not to think of Cheney and 
Rumsfeld as neocons. As former neocon Michael Lind, says: 
&amp;ldquo;[N]eoconservatism is an ideology, like paleoconservatism and 
libertarianism, and Rumsfeld and Dick . . . Cheney are 
full-fledged neocons, . . . even though they are not Jewish and 
were never liberals or leftists.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Neoconservatism in its early decades was a multi-faceted 
phenomenon, but the focus here is on its foreign policy. 
Neoconservative foreign policy was originally oriented around 
opposition to Communism. This fact meant that the end of the 
Cold War produced a crisis for neocons. In 1991, after the fall 
of the Berlin wall, Podhoretz said that he was not sure what 
&amp;ldquo;America&amp;rsquo;s purpose should be now that the threat of Communism . 
. . had been decisively eliminated.&amp;rdquo; Five years later, he even 
published a eulogy to the movement, declaring it dead.&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Unipolarity&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Other neocons, 
however, believed that they had a new cause to champion. Already 
in 1986, Irving Kristol argued that the United States needed to 
move toward a foreign policy of &amp;ldquo;global unilateralism.&amp;rdquo; But that 
would be difficult, he pointed out, as long as America is &amp;ldquo;an 
imperial power with no imperial self-definition.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; 
The new cause was to shape this new self-definition, thereby 
getting Americans ready to accept a policy of global 
unilateralism. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
As soon as the Cold War ended, this cause was taken up by 
others. At the close of 1989, Charles Krauthammer, one of the 
best-known neocon columnists, published a piece entitled 
&amp;ldquo;Universal Dominion,&amp;rdquo; in which he argued that America should 
work for &amp;ldquo;a qualitatively new outcome--a unipolar world.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; 
In 1990, he argued that unipolarity has already arrived and that 
the United States, being the &amp;ldquo;unchallenged superpower,&amp;rdquo; should 
act unilaterally. Saying that &amp;ldquo;[t]he alternative to unipolarity 
is chaos,&amp;rdquo; Krauthammer explained what unipolarity requires of 
the United States: &amp;ldquo;unashamedly laying down the rules of world 
order and being prepared to enforce them.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; The 
following year, in an argument for a &amp;ldquo;robust interventionism,&amp;rdquo; 
he said of this unipolar world: &amp;ldquo;We Americans should like 
it---and exploit it.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt; &amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;The 1992 Defense Planning Guidance&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
The first effort 
to turn such thinking into official policy came in 1992, which 
was the last year of the presidency of George H. W. Bush and 
hence also the end of Dick Cheney&amp;rsquo;s tenure as secretary of 
defense. Before leaving office, Cheney had Paul Wolfowitz, the 
undersecretary of defense for policy, prepare---with the help of 
his top assistant, Lewis &amp;ldquo;Scooter&amp;rdquo; Libby---a draft of the 
Pentagon&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Defense Planning Guidance&amp;rdquo; (DPG).&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt; 
Stating that America&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;first objective is to prevent the 
re-emergence of a new rival,&amp;rdquo; this DPG draft was, in Andrew 
Bacevich&amp;rsquo;s appraisal, &amp;ldquo;in effect a blueprint for permanent 
American global hegemony.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
This draft produced, after portions of a leaked copy were 
published in the &lt;em&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt; and the &lt;em&gt;Washington 
Post&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt; an outpouring of criticism. The ideas did 
get some support, especially from neoconservative publications 
such as the &lt;em&gt;Wall Street Journal&lt;/em&gt;, which praised the 
draft&amp;rsquo;s plan for a &amp;ldquo;Pax Americana.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt; But most of the 
reaction was critical. Senator Alan Cranston complained that the 
Bush administration was seeking to make the United States &amp;ldquo;the 
one, the only main honcho on the world block, the global Big 
Enchilada.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; Senator Robert Byrd said that the 
document&amp;rsquo;s stance seemed to be: &amp;ldquo;We love being the sole 
remaining superpower in the world and we want so much to remain 
that way that we are willing to put at risk the basic health of 
our economy and well-being of our people to do so.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;16&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Seeking to calm the waters, especially because it was an 
election year, the administration of George H. W. Bush distanced 
itself from this draft, depicting it, in Bacevich&amp;rsquo;s words, &amp;ldquo;as 
the musings of an insignificant lower-tier appointee acting 
without official sanction.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt; Although Wolfowitz 
would refer to it as &amp;ldquo;my 1992 memorandum&amp;rdquo; many years later,&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; 
he claimed at the time that he had not seen it.&lt;sup&gt;19&lt;/sup&gt; 
Cheney also claimed not to have seen it, even though one long 
section began by acknowledging &amp;ldquo;definitive guidance from the 
Secretary of Defense.&amp;rdquo; This latter fact has, incidentally, been 
pointed out by David Armstrong, who calls this draft an early 
version of Cheney&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Plan . . . to rule the world.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;20&lt;/sup&gt; 
Although this draft came to be known as &amp;ldquo;the Wolfowitz plan,&amp;rdquo; it 
is important to recognize that it was Cheney who, in Dorrien&amp;rsquo;s 
words, &amp;ldquo;hatched the original unipolarist blueprint in 1992.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; 
Indeed, as Nicholas Lemann has reported in the &lt;em&gt;New Yorker&lt;/em&gt;, 
the DPG draft resulted from a secret team that Cheney had set up 
in the Pentagon &amp;ldquo;to think about American foreign policy after 
the Cold War.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;22&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
The recognition that this unipolarist blueprint was inspired by 
Cheney is important in light of the unprecedented power that he 
would exercise in the second Bush administration. As 
presidential historian Douglas Brinkley would say in 2002: 
&amp;ldquo;Cheney is unique in American history. . . . He is the vortex in 
the White House on foreign policymaking. Everything comes 
through him.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt; 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
In any case, Cheney, under pressure from the White House, had 
the document significantly rewritten by Libby, in language more 
acceptable at the time. For example, whereas the first draft 
spoke of &lt;em&gt;spurning&lt;/em&gt; collective action through the United 
Nations, this new version spoke of &lt;em&gt;strengthening&lt;/em&gt; the U.N.&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; 
Cheney put an end to this brief public debate about the wisdom 
of a unipolarist foreign policy by having this softer version, 
which was later published,&lt;sup&gt;25&lt;/sup&gt; leaked to the press.&lt;sup&gt;26&lt;/sup&gt; 
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;The 1990s and PNAC&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
This rewriting did 
not mean, however, that the ideas were dropped by Cheney and 
other neoconservatives. Indeed, after the election was over, 
Cheney, before leaving office, put out another revision, in 
which some of the neo-imperial language was restored.&lt;sup&gt;27&lt;/sup&gt; 
Then Zalmay Khalilzad, who had joined Cheney&amp;rsquo;s team in 1991, put 
out a book early in 1995 entitled &lt;em&gt;From Containment to Global 
Leadership? America and the World after the Cold War&lt;/em&gt;, which 
expresses quite forthrightly the idea of preventing, by military 
force if necessary, the rise of any rival power.&lt;sup&gt;28&lt;/sup&gt; In 
1996, Robert Kagan, &amp;ldquo;who emerged in the 1990s as perhaps the 
most influential neocon foreign policy analyst,&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;29&lt;/sup&gt; 
argued that the United States should use its military strength 
&amp;ldquo;actively to maintain a world order which both supports and 
rests upon American hegemony.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;30&lt;/sup&gt; In 1998, Kagan and 
William Kristol, who in 1995 had founded the &lt;em&gt;Weekly Standard&lt;/em&gt; 
(which quickly became the main organ of neocon thinking), wrote 
that unless America takes charge, we will have &amp;ldquo;world chaos, and 
a dangerous twenty-first century.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;31&lt;/sup&gt; In January of 
2001, as the Bush-Cheney administration was ready to come to 
power, Kagan criticized &amp;ldquo;Clinton and his advisers&amp;rdquo; for &amp;ldquo;having 
the stomach only to be halfway imperialists.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;32&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; It is 
important to understand the development of this neoconservative 
ideology, given the fact that after 9/11, the neocon agenda 
became the agenda of the United States. As Halper and Clarke 
said in 2004, &amp;ldquo;if one wishes to understand the direction of 
American foreign policy today, one must read what 
neo-conservatives were writing ten years or more ago.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;33&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
The most important development within the neocon movement in the 
1990s was William Kristol&amp;rsquo;s founding, in 1997, of a unipolarist 
think tank called the Project for the New American Century (PNAC).&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt; 
Closely related to the American Enterprise Institute 
ideologically and even physically and financially, PNAC differed 
primarily in focusing entirely on foreign policy.&lt;sup&gt;35&lt;/sup&gt; 
In its &amp;ldquo;Statement of Principles,&amp;rdquo; PNAC called for &amp;ldquo;American 
global leadership,&amp;rdquo; asking whether the United States has &amp;ldquo;the 
resolve to shape a new century favorable to American principles 
and interests.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;36&lt;/sup&gt; 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
In September of 2000, just three months before the Bush-Cheney 
administration took office, PNAC published a 76-page document 
entitled &lt;em&gt;Rebuilding America&amp;rsquo;s Defenses&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;RAD&lt;/em&gt;). 
Saying that &amp;ldquo;[a]t present the United States faces no global 
rival,&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;RAD&lt;/em&gt; declared that &amp;ldquo;America&amp;rsquo;s grand strategy 
should aim to preserve and extend this advantageous position&amp;rdquo; 
and thereby &amp;ldquo;to preserve and enhance [the] &amp;lsquo;American peace.&amp;rsquo;&amp;rdquo; To 
&amp;ldquo;enhance&amp;rdquo; the &amp;ldquo;American peace&amp;rdquo; means, of course, to increase the 
size of the American empire. Explicitly referring back to the 
Cheney-Wolfowitz Defense Planning Guidance draft of 1992, &lt;em&gt;RAD&lt;/em&gt; 
said that &amp;ldquo;the basic tenets of the DPG, in our judgment, remain 
sound.&amp;rdquo; The continuity between the two documents is no surprise, 
partly because Libby and Wolfowitz are listed as participants in 
the production of this 2000 document.&lt;sup&gt;37&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
What is said in the PNAC&amp;rsquo;s documents is highly important because 
many of PNAC&amp;rsquo;s early members, including Elliott Abrams, John 
Bolton, Eliot Cohen, Paula Dobriansky, Zalmay Khalilzad, Richard 
Perle, Peter W. Rodman, James Woolsey, and---most 
significantly---Cheney, Libby, Rumsfeld, and Wolfowitz, became 
central members of the new Bush administration. PNAC neocons 
thereby took key positions in the Vice President&amp;rsquo;s Office, the 
Pentagon, and the (only semi-independent) Defense Policy Board. 
They did so well primarily because of Cheney, who was put in 
charge of the transition team, and secondarily because of 
Rumsfeld, after Cheney chose him to head the Pentagon.&lt;sup&gt;38&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Courier&quot; size=&quot;4&quot;&gt;9/11 and Empire 
Talk&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
With the new 
administration in place, neocon commentators such as Krauthammer 
became even more explicit and exuberant about the use of 
America&amp;rsquo;s power for imperial ends. Mocking Clinton for being 
concerned to be &amp;ldquo;a good international citizen&amp;rdquo; and praising Bush 
for understanding that &amp;ldquo;the U.S. can reshape, indeed remake, 
reality on its own,&amp;rdquo; Krauthammer said: &amp;ldquo;America is no mere 
international citizen. It is the dominant power in the world, 
more dominant than any since Rome. Accordingly, America is in a 
position to reshape norms . . . and create new realities. How? 
By unapologetic and implacable demonstrations of will.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;39&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
However, it was not until after 9/11, and especially after the 
devastating assault on Afghanistan, that the neocon effort to 
get Americans to accept an imperial self-definition started 
showing widespread success. Early in 2002, Krauthammer, having 
noticed the difference, said: &amp;ldquo;People are coming out of the 
closet on the word &amp;lsquo;empire.&amp;rsquo;&amp;rdquo; Driving home his main message, 
Krauthammer added that Americans needed to face up to the 
responsibilities entailed by the fact that they are now 
&amp;ldquo;undisputed masters of the world.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;40&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
A 
year later, this unilateralist idea was voiced in the &lt;em&gt;
Atlantic Monthly&lt;/em&gt; by neocon Robert Kaplan, who argued that 
America should use its power unilaterally to &amp;ldquo;manage an unruly 
world,&amp;rdquo; leaving behind &amp;ldquo;the so-called international community,&amp;rdquo; 
especially the United Nations, with its &amp;ldquo;antiquated power 
arrangement.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;41&lt;/sup&gt; 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
9/11 and the 9/11 wars---meaning those that have been justified 
by appeal to the attacks of 9/11&lt;sup&gt;42&lt;/sup&gt;---resulted in 
empire talk beyond the circles of neocons. Early in 2002, after 
the American assault on Afghanistan, Paul Kennedy, who had 15 
years earlier been predicting America&amp;rsquo;s decline as a great 
power,&lt;sup&gt;43&lt;/sup&gt; declared: &amp;ldquo;Nothing has ever existed like 
this disparity of power.&amp;rdquo; Describing America&amp;rsquo;s empire as the 
greatest of all time, he said: &amp;ldquo;Charlemagne&amp;rsquo;s empire was merely 
Western European in reach. The Roman empire stretched farther 
afield, but there was another great empire in Persia, and a 
larger one in China. There is, therefore, no comparison.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;44&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
A 
very important development that same year was the publication of 
Andrew Bacevich&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;American Empire&lt;/em&gt;, which closes by saying 
that the question before Americans is &amp;ldquo;not whether the United 
States has become an imperial power&amp;rdquo; but only &amp;ldquo;what sort of 
empire they intend theirs to be.&amp;rdquo;&lt;sup&gt;45&lt;/sup&gt; Bacevich himself, 
while a conservative, strongly distanced himself from the 
imperial agenda of the neocons.&lt;sup&gt;46&lt;/sup&gt; 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 150%&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
But it was their agenda, not Bacevich&amp;rsquo;s cautionary critique, 
that would determine the &amp;ldquo;sort of empire&amp;rdquo; that the United States 
would seek to become during the Bush-Cheney administration. And 
it was 9/11 that allowed this agenda to be implemented. As Claes 
Ryn said, the neo